Security Assessment Guide
A step‑by‑step guide to evaluating threats, risks, and vulnerabilities in your facilities
Introduction
Fentress partners with Major Security Consulting & Design to perform threat, risk, and vulnerability assessments for schools, public safety facilities, courthouses, government buildings, and private offices. Together the Major‑Fentress team has conducted more than 1,700 facility and security assessments nationwide. Our assessments help organizations understand security strengths and challenges, prioritize improvements, and support budgetary decisions.
Key Takeaways
- A security assessment systematically evaluates a facility’s threats, risks, and vulnerabilities across physical security, operations, policies, and technology.
- The process includes:
- Data & document review
- Security measurement
- Facility SAFE scoring
- Gap analysis
- Actionable recommendations
- The SAFE tool objectively scores facilities from 0 to 100 across four categories:
- Exterior security
- Interior security
- Electronic security
- Policies & procedures
- Gap analysis and cost‑effectiveness calculations identify improvement strategies that close the largest security gaps at the best value.
- Deliverables include SAFE dashboards, detailed reports with recommendations, cost estimates, cost‑effectiveness ratios, and a prioritized implementation plan.
Why Perform a Security Assessment?
Modern facilities must protect people, assets, and operations. Many existing buildings weren't designed to meet current security standards. An independent, systematic assessment helps:
Objective evaluations reveal threats and vulnerabilities so you can prioritize improvements.
SAFE scores and quantitative data support funding requests and justify security investments.
Interviews build consensus and ensure the assessment reflects your facility’s culture and operations.
Improve security policies, procedures, technology, and facility design to enhance safety and resilience.
Five-Step Security Assessment Framework
A systematic process to evaluate security needs, score facilities, and plan improvements.
1. Data and Document Review
Gather and analyze existing policies, facility plans, incident reports, crime trends, and land-use data to establish a baseline. The security assessment should be an independent and systematic evaluation of a facility's threats, risks, and vulnerabilities. A comprehensive evaluation includes analysis to determine a facility's physical security and its safety protocols' effectiveness. We recognize that a security assessment should focus on more than just the building layout and security systems - it also considers current operations and operating procedures, protective systems and measures currently in use, crime trends and land use plans in the local area, incident reports, and other available information related to known threats and intelligence on the safety and security of each facility.
- Client security information and procedures
- Crime and land-use trends
- Incident and threat reports
This baseline information is critical for understanding the security context and establishing a foundation for the assessment. By gathering comprehensive data upfront, the assessment team can identify patterns, potential vulnerabilities, and areas requiring focused evaluation during the on-site assessments.
2. Security Measurement
Perform on-site evaluations of physical security features, operational procedures, and policy effectiveness. Facilitate interviews with key staff to understand security culture. Our comprehensive process is a unique combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Security involves people at all levels, so the qualitative elements of our process include facilitated group sessions and interviews with key personnel at each location. This allows us to gather input on the culture of the building's occupants and existing security policies and procedures and their effectiveness.
- Exterior and interior physical security
- Operational procedures
- Stakeholder interviews
The involvement of key stakeholders during these assessments is critical, as individual facilities often vary in how they interpret, implement, and follow security procedures. During each site visit, facilitated interviews are held with key staff, including primary tenant representatives, security personnel, facility managers, and other designated personnel, to discuss the unique culture of each facility, system deficiencies, and the operational procedures and practices in place for security. These interviews also allow personnel to provide feedback about security programs and practices that have worked well and areas of need.
3. Perform SAFE Scoring
Use the SAFE tool to score how well the facility meets security and safety requirements on a scale of 0–100. Our innovative Security Assessment and Facility Evaluation (SAFE) tool drives the quantitative analysis. We have developed a rigorous and comprehensive process that utilizes the SAFE tool to evaluate and score how well an organization's physical space and operations meet its security and safety requirements. The SAFE tool contains a wide array of security performance metrics and can be tailored for the unique security requirements of each organization. The tool includes over 200 security-related factors and accompanying performance measures, which can be tailored to assess a specific type of building or portfolio of buildings in any location.
- Exterior Physical Security
- Interior Physical Security
- Electronic Security
- Policies and Procedures
4. Gap Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness
Compare improvement strategies against the existing SAFE score to determine how each closes security gaps. Estimate costs and calculate cost-effectiveness ratios. One of the key benefits of the SAFE tool is that it can be used to score an improvement strategy, so a comparison can be made to determine how well the strategy closes the gap between the existing SAFE score and an ideal security score of 100. Typically, an ideal score is not possible in all facilities given the physical limitations and constraints of buildings; therefore, the goal is to optimize the recommendations so that the score for each location can be increased to its greatest value
- Current vs. ideal SAFE score comparison
- Cost estimates for improvement strategies
- Cost-effectiveness ratios
By dividing the costs into the numerical increase the improvement strategy has on the SAFE score, a cost-effectiveness ratio is created. This quantifiable result allows decision-makers to determine which projects yield the greatest benefit gain (i.e., an increase in the SAFE score) for the most reasonable costs. The gap analysis provides a clear visual representation of how improvement strategies can fill the security gap and increase a facility's security score.
5. Recommendations and Prioritization
Produce a detailed Facility Assessment Report and prioritization plan. Identify critical, standard, and optimal strategies. Develop a multi-year capital improvement plan with cost estimates and training recommendations. Following the interviews, reviews of policies, and facility assessments, a detailed report that documents the assessment results is produced. Utilizing the objective results generated by the SAFE tool, the report describes each facility's specific security deficiencies and provides recommendations for facility or policy improvements that mitigate or reduce the risk. Each deficiency and associated improvement strategy is identified by one of three levels based on its urgency of need: Critical strategies should be implemented immediately to address urgent deficiencies, Standard strategies should be implemented in the near future to meet basic security standards, and Optimal strategies would surpass basic standards.
- SAFE tool score dashboard database
- Detailed report of recommendations
- Estimation of costs
- Cost-effectiveness analysis
- Prioritized implementation plan
With budgetary guidance from the building owners, the prioritized project implementation plan considers the gap analysis, estimated costs, and cost-effectiveness analysis for all improvement strategies. We work with the building owners to identify improvement strategies that can be combined if cost savings can be realized. The prioritization plan is typically developed as a multi-year strategy based on an estimated yearly budget that will systematically improve security across the portfolio. This comprehensive approach provides leadership with the information needed to develop a defensible strategy to improve security and support budgetary decisions.
The SAFE Tool Explained
Fentress’ proprietary Security Assessment and Facility Evaluation (SAFE) tool uses over 200 security factors and the Analytic Hierarchy Process to score facilities on a 0–100 scale. Assessors record ratings in real time using tablets, creating a sortable database that helps owners identify and compare deficiencies. The SAFE tool produces overall and category scores and a dashboard that supports gap analysis, cost-effectiveness studies, and capital planning.
Exterior Physical Security
Measures security features of grounds and building exteriors
Interior Physical Security
Evaluates security in the layout and design of interior spaces
Electronic Security
Assesses electronic systems including CCTV, alarms, and sensors
Policies and Procedures
Scores existing security policies, crisis plans, and procedures
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